The Instructional System Design Process - ADDIE Model

Instructional design is the systematic approach to the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of learning materials.

• Analysis
• Design
• Development
• Implementation
• Evaluation
  

Instructional design aims for a learner-centered rather than the traditional teacher-centered approach to instruction, so that effective learning can take place. This means that every component of the instruction is governed by the learning outcomes, which have been determined after a thorough analysis of the learners’ needs.

As training materials progress higher up the scale in complexity (for example lecture handouts and study guides are at the bottom end, while videos and interactive multimedia are at the top) so also does instructional design increase in importance and complexity.

At the top end of the scale it is vitally important that detailed analysis and design of the instructional material has been undertaken, before development work commences. Much time, money and effort can be wasted if any aspect of the project has not been thought out adequately and has to be changed once the courseware development or filming is underway. At the lower end of the scale, design and development takes place simultaneously since it may only consist of a lesson plan.

The progression from face-to-face learning to distance or self-paced learning also requires a big leap in attention to design detail. As more independence is required of learners, so the material that they must learn from must be more carefully designed and developed, in order to help them achieve their learning objectives.